Connectivity

VGA 

Analog Signal, of lower quality and is dated compared to the other inputs. Some calibration is often required to get the sharpest image and to avoid games being choppy.

Apart from VGA the image quality should not vary greatly between the different connections. The image will be sharper with the other connections, as they have digital signals. Analog is largely affected in its response to noise, Digital not so much because it is namely an Analog signal. As a result of this, the quality of Analog signals can degrade much easier than Digital ones.

Errors also appear a lot more frequently with Analog displays. This is because they have a scale which is cramped at a lower end and give considerable observational errors.

DVI

DVI is an input that solely supports digital signals as DVI-D. Another version of this input is DVI-I, which carries both a Digital and Analog signal. The extra pins in the connectors for this input are for the Analog signal.

Unlike HDMI, DVI isn’t capable of carrying audio signals. It does have its benefits however, as it is capable of supporting monitor refresh rates of up to 144 Hz – HDMI is capped at 60 Hz.    

HDMI

Has a Digital signal that supports audio and video from displays.  

It comes in three main different forms: Regular HDMI, Mini HDMI and Micro HDMI. Mini HDMI is a smaller version of HDMI which is often used to connect HD camcorders to a HDTV. This is required over HDMI because the connectors are smaller on these devices. There is relatively little difference between Mini HDMI and Micro HDMI. As a result of this, it can be speculated that there is little point in Mini HDMI as Micro is smaller, so it takes up less space. It is also one of the most universally applicable versions of HDMI because any device can fit it.

Mini HDMI

This Mini connector is smaller than the type A plug, measuring 10.42 mm × 2.42 mm but has the same 19-pin configuration. It is intended for portable devices.

Micro HDMI

This Micro connector shrinks the connector size to something resembling a micro-USB connector, measuring only 6.4 mm × 2.8 mm.

MHL

This is an industry standard for mobile audio/video interfaces. It allows us to connect mobile phones, tablets and other portable electronics to high-definition TV’s and audio receivers.  

Super MHL is a new upcoming standard that allows mobile devices to be displayed on TV’s at up to 8K video, 120 fps. It also supports 48-bit colour depths, enhanced audio, multiple displays with a single device and backward compatibility.  

DisplayPort

Usually don’t support monitors at 1080p or below. The only monitors of 1080p resolution with this input are often on 1080p monitors with higher refresh rates, e.g. 120 Hz, 144 Hz. 

This input is technically the most capable of all the connections. It has the highest bandwidth so it supports higher resolutions like 4K and 1440p at 120 Hz. Since the DisplayPort 1.2 iteration, Mini DisplayPort (otherwise known as Thunderbolt) can drive displays that are up to 4K in resolution.

With an adapter it could drive a display with VGA, DVI or HDMI interfaces. It is advisable to use DisplayPort wherever possible, as it supports resolutions above 1080p, audio, USB and refresh rates of 120, 144 Hz.

USB-C

USB-C (properly known as USB Type-C; commonly known as just Type-C) is a 24-pin USB connector system with a rotationally symmetrical connector.[2][3] The designation C refers only to the connector's physical configuration or form factor and should not be confused with the connector's specific capabilities, which are designated by its transfer specifications (such as USB 3.2). The USB-C connector has rotational symmetry: a plug may be inserted into a receptacle in either orientation. Normally found on Macs, it is one of the newest connections. 

Mini DisplayPort

The Mini DisplayPort (MiniDP or mDP) is a miniaturized version of the DisplayPort audio-visual digital interface. It was announced by Apple in October 2008.